Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Orloff K[original query] |
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Paternal genetic variants and risk of obstructive heart defects: A parent-of-origin approach.
Patel J , Bircan E , Tang X , Orloff M , Hobbs CA , Browne ML , Botto LD , Finnell RH , Jenkins MM , Olshan A , Romitti PA , Shaw GM , Werler MM , Li J , Nembhard WN . PLoS Genet 2021 17 (3) e1009413 Previous research on risk factors for obstructive heart defects (OHDs) focused on maternal and infant genetic variants, prenatal environmental exposures, and their potential interaction effects. Less is known about the role of paternal genetic variants or environmental exposures and risk of OHDs. We examined parent-of-origin effects in transmission of alleles in the folate, homocysteine, or transsulfuration pathway genes on OHD occurrence in offspring. We used data on 569 families of liveborn infants with OHDs born between October 1997 and August 2008 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study to conduct a family-based case-only study. Maternal, paternal, and infant DNA were genotyped using an Illumina Golden Gate custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. Relative risks (RR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and likelihood ratio tests from log-linear models were used to estimate the parent-of-origin effect of 877 SNPs in 60 candidate genes in the folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways on the risk of OHDs. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple testing. We identified 3 SNPs in the transsulfuration pathway and 1 SNP in the folate pathway that were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Among infants who inherited paternally-derived copies of the G allele for rs6812588 in the RFC1 gene, the G allele for rs1762430 in the MGMT gene, and the A allele for rs9296695 and rs4712023 in the GSTA3 gene, RRs for OHD were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.29, P = 9.16x10-7), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.53, P = 9.80x10-6), 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.57, P = 2.28x10-5), and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.58, P = 3.77x10-5), respectively, compared to infants who inherited maternally-derived copies of the same alleles. We observed statistically significant decreased risk of OHDs among infants who inherited paternal gene variants involved in folate and transsulfuration pathways. |
Developing new hazard category language for the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's public health assessment products
Ulirsch G , Orloff K , Alexanian D , Allen-Lewis S , Fagliano J , Langmann DM , Larson K , Miles D , Prohonic E , Telfer J , Robinson S , Turner MM , Berkowitz J . J Environ Health 2011 73 (6) 76-8 The Agency for Toxic Substances and | Disease Registry (ATSDR) determines | public health implications associated with | hazardous waste sites and other environmental releases. Since its inception, ATSDR | has continued to improve its approach to | evaluating public health hazards in light of | evolving science. For example, in response | to concerns about the clarity, meaning, and | understandability of the fi ve conclusion | categories outlined in its Public Health Assessment Guidance Manual (www.atsdr.cdc. | gov/HAC/PHAmanual/index.html), ATSDR | established an ad hoc work group to evaluate and recommend changes to the categories based on health and risk communication science. | All site-specifi c public health assessment | reports must include a statement that assigns a hazard conclusion category to the | site, a time period for exposure (e.g., past, | current, or future), or an exposure pathway, | as appropriate. This statement refl ects one | of the following: that the site does not pose | a public health hazard, that the site poses | a public health hazard, or that data are insuffi cient to determine whether any public | health hazard exists. The language used to | convey these categories, however, was diffi cult for community members and lay audiences to understand because it was not written clearly. |
A multidisciplinary investigation of a polycythemia vera cancer cluster of unknown origin
Seaman V , Dearwent SM , Gable D , Lewis B , Metcalf S , Orloff K , Tierney B , Zhu J , Logue J , Marchetto D , Ostroff S , Hoffman R , Xu M , Carey D , Erlich P , Gerhard G , Roda P , Iannuzzo J , Lewis R , Mellow J , Mulvihill L , Myles Z , Wu M , Frank A , Gross-Davis CA , Klotz J , Lynch A , Weissfeld J , Weinberg R , Cole H . Int J Environ Res Public Health 2010 7 (3) 1139-1153 Cancer cluster investigations rarely receive significant public health resource allocations due to numerous inherent challenges and the limited success of past efforts. In 2008, a cluster of polycythemia vera, a rare blood cancer with unknown etiology, was identified in northeast Pennsylvania. A multidisciplinary group of federal and state agencies, academic institutions, and local healthcare providers subsequently developed a multifaceted research portfolio designed to better understand the cause of the cluster. This research agenda represents a unique and important opportunity to demonstrate that cancer cluster investigations can produce desirable public health and scientific outcomes when necessary resources are available. copyright 2010 by the authors. |
A review of events that expose children to elemental mercury in the United States
Lee R , Middleton D , Caldwell K , Dearwent S , Jones S , Lewis B , Monteilh C , Mortensen ME , Nickle R , Orloff K , Reger M , Risher J , Rogers HS , Watters M . Cien Saude Colet 2010 15 (2) 585-98 Concern for children exposed to elemental mercury prompted the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to review the sources of elemental mercury exposures in children, describe the location and proportion of children affected, and make recommendations on how to prevent these exposures. In this review, we excluded mercury exposures from coal-burning facilities, dental amalgams, fish consumption, medical waste incinerators, or thimerosal-containing vaccines. We reviewed federal, state, and regional programs with data on mercury releases along with published reports of children exposed to elemental mercury in the United States. We selected all mercury-related events that were documented to expose (or potentially expose) children. Primary exposure locations were at home, at school, and at others such as industrial property not adequately remediated or medical facilities. Exposure to small spills from broken thermometers was the most common scenario; however, reports of such exposures are declining. The information reviewed suggests that most releases do not lead to demonstrable harm if the exposure period is short and the mercury is properly cleaned up. Primary prevention should include health education and policy initiatives. |
Biomonitoring for environmental exposures to arsenic
Orloff K , Mistry K , Metcalf S . J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2009 12 (7) 509-24 Arsenic (As) is a widely occurring environmental contaminant. To assess human exposures to As, public health officials and researchers often conduct biomonitoring. Samples of urine, hair, nails, or blood are collected from potentially exposed people and are analyzed for As compounds and their metabolites. When analyzing for As exposure, it is useful to distinguish between As species, since they differ in their origin and toxicity. Urine is the most frequently used biological medium for biomonitoring. Measuring the urinary concentration of As is useful in assessing recent exposure to As, and high-quality reference ranges are available for urinary As concentrations in the U.S. population. Biomonitoring for As in hair and nails has been used in many studies and is particularly useful in evaluating chronic exposures to As. Interpreting the health implications of As concentrations in biological samples is limited by the small number of studies that provide information on the correlation and dose-response relationship between biomonitoring test results and adverse health effects. This study discusses the advantages and limitations of biomonitoring for As in biological samples and provides illustrative case studies. |
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